Upāya (उपाय) is a Sanskrit word that means "approaches" or "ideas", "to come into any state or condition" and "to come near or towards". It also refers to methods of diplomacy found in Hindu and Jain texts. Upaya- used in Buddhism to indicate the methods of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas
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Kautilya mentioned four Upayas - Sama, Dana or Dama, Danda and Bheda as ways to reach a solution in state politics to avoid conflicts and war situations.[2] This phrase is also commonly used when you need to find a solution to a problem anyhow.
1. Sama, the first step, means conciliation or alliances. When the situation of conflict arises between states, the firsts step is to talk.
2. Dana, the second, means gifts or compensation. Sometimes it is referred to as Dama, price, it means to pay the value.
3. Bheda, refers to usage of Logic or Trickery, influence the mind.
4. Danda refers to force or armaments. To take up war with the opposite state.
All of the above four Upayas are generally spoken together in a single colloquial phrase - "Sama Dana Bheda Dandopaya". This is a very common quote that is used all over India as a suggestion to resolve any conflict.
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